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Permutation And Combination Tips and Tricks for IBPS, SBI, SSC, RRB, RBI, Railway, LIC,IAS,SSB Exams.

Permutation:An arrangement is called a Permutation. It is the rearrangement of objects or symbols into distinguishable sequences. When we set things in order, we say we have made an arrangement. When we change the order, we say we have changed the arrangement. So each of the arrangement that can be made by taking some or all of a number of things is known as Permutation.Combination:A Combination is a selection of some or all of a number of different objects. It is an un-ordered collection of unique sizes.In a permutation the order of occurence of the objects or the arrangement is important but in combination the order of occurence of the objects is not important.

Formula for finding out Permutation And Combination

Useful Relations

(i). 0!=1!=1

(ii). nC0=n!0!×n!=10!=1

(iii). n!=n×(n−1)!

(iv). nPr=n!(n−r)!

(v). (n+1).nPr=n+1Pr+1

(vi). nCr=nPrr!

(vii). nCr=nCn−r

(viii). n−1Cr−1+n−1Cr=nCr

1. Factorial Notation: Let n be a positive integer. Then, factorial n, denoted n! is defined as: n! = n(n – 1)(n – 2) … 3.2.1.
2. Permutations: The different arrangements of a given number of things by taking some or all at a time, are called permutations
3. Number of Permutations Number of all permutations of n things, taken r at a time, is given by: nPr = n(n – 1)(n – 2) … (n – r + 1) = n!/(n – r)!
4. An Important Result: If there are n subjects of which p1 are alike of one kind; p2 are alike of another kind;p3 are alike of third kind and so on and pr are alike of rth kind, such that (p1 + p2 + … pr) = n. Then, number of permutations of these n objects is = n!/(p1!).(p2)!…..(pr!)
5. Combinations: Each of the different groups or selections which can be formed by taking some or all of a number of objects is called a combination. Then, number of permutations of these n objects is = n!/(p1!).(p2)!…..(pr!) Examples: 1. Suppose we want to select two out of three boys A, B, C. Then, possible selections are AB, BC and CA. Note: AB and BA represent the same selection. 2. All the combinations formed by a, b, c taking ab, bc, ca. 3. The only combination that can be formed of three letters a, b, c taken all at a time is abc. 4. Various groups of 2 out of four persons A, B, C, D are: AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD. 5. Note that ab ba are two different permutations but they represent the same combination. Number of Combinations: The number of all combinations of n things, taken r at a time is: nCr = n!/(r!)(n – r)! = n(n – 1)(n – 2) … to r factors / r! .
6. 1) Permutation = nPr = n! / (n-r)! 2) Combination = nCr = nPr / r! where, n, r are non negative integers and r<=n. r is the size of each permutation. n is the size of the set from which elements are permuted. !is the factorial operator.








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